#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdint>
#include <limits>
#include <optional>
#include <set>

const uint32_t WIDTH = 800;
const uint32_t HEIGHT = 600;

const int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;

const std::vector<const char *> validationLayers = {
    "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"};

const std::vector<const char *> deviceExtensions = {
    VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME};

#ifdef NDEBUG
const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
#else
const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
#endif

VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT *pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT *pDebugMessenger)
{
    auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
    if (func != nullptr)
    {
        return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
    }
    else
    {
        return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
    }
}

void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks *pAllocator)
{
    auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
    if (func != nullptr)
    {
        func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
    }
}

struct QueueFamilyIndices
{
    std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily;
    std::optional<uint32_t> presentFamily;

    bool isComplete()
    {
        return graphicsFamily.has_value() && presentFamily.has_value();
    }
};

struct SwapChainSupportDetails
{
    VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
    std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
    std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
};

uint32_t *getId(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkDevice device, VkImage idAttachmentImage,
                VkExtent2D swapChainExtent, VkCommandPool commandPool, VkQueue graphicsQueue);

class HelloTriangleApplication
{
public:
    void run()
    {
        initWindow();
        initVulkan();
        mainLoop();
        cleanup();
    }

private:
    GLFWwindow *window;

    VkInstance instance;
    VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger;
    VkSurfaceKHR surface;

    static VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
    static VkDevice device;

    static VkQueue graphicsQueue;
    VkQueue presentQueue;

    VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;
    std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
    VkFormat swapChainImageFormat;
    static VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
    std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
    std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapChainFramebuffers;

    VkRenderPass renderPass;
    VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
    VkPipeline graphicsPipeline;

    static VkCommandPool commandPool;
    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;

    VkSemaphore imageAvailableSemaphore;
    VkSemaphore renderFinishedSemaphore;
    VkFence inFlightFence;

    VkImageView idAttachmentImageView; // id附件图像视图
    static VkImage idAttachmentImage;  // id图像
    VkDeviceMemory idAttachmentImageMemory;

    void initWindow()
    {
        glfwInit();

        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);

        window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
        glfwSetMouseButtonCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    }

    void initVulkan()
    {
        createInstance();
        setupDebugMessenger();
        createSurface();
        pickPhysicalDevice();
        createLogicalDevice();
        createSwapChain();
        createImageViews();
        idAttachmentImageCreate();
        idAttachmentImageViewCreate();
        createRenderPass();
        createGraphicsPipeline();
        createFramebuffers();
        createCommandPool();
        createCommandBuffer();
        createSyncObjects();
    }

    void mainLoop()
    {
        while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
        {
            glfwPollEvents();
            drawFrame();
        }

        vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
    }

    void cleanup()
    {
        vkDestroySemaphore(device, renderFinishedSemaphore, nullptr);
        vkDestroySemaphore(device, imageAvailableSemaphore, nullptr);
        vkDestroyFence(device, inFlightFence, nullptr);

        vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, nullptr);

        for (auto framebuffer : swapChainFramebuffers)
        {
            vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, framebuffer, nullptr);
        }

        vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, nullptr);
        vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
        vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);

        for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews)
        {
            vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);
        }

        // 销毁图像视图
        vkDestroyImageView(device, idAttachmentImageView, nullptr);

        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);

        // 释放ID附件图像的内存并销毁图像
        vkFreeMemory(device, idAttachmentImageMemory, nullptr);
        vkDestroyImage(device, idAttachmentImage, nullptr);

        vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);

        if (enableValidationLayers)
        {
            DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr);
        }

        vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
        vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);

        glfwDestroyWindow(window);

        glfwTerminate();
    }

    void createInstance()
    {
        if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport())
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
        }

        VkApplicationInfo appInfo{};
        appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
        appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";
        appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
        appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
        appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
        appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

        VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo{};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;

        auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();
        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
        createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();

        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo{};
        if (enableValidationLayers)
        {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();

            populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo);
            createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT *)&debugCreateInfo;
        }
        else
        {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;

            createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        }

        if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
        }
    }

    void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT &createInfo)
    {
        createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
        createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
        createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
        createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
    }

    void setupDebugMessenger()
    {
        if (!enableValidationLayers)
            return;

        VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo;
        populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo);

        if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!");
        }
    }

    void createSurface()
    {
        if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
        }
    }

    void pickPhysicalDevice()
    {
        uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);

        if (deviceCount == 0)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
        }

        std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

        for (const auto &device : devices)
        {
            if (isDeviceSuitable(device))
            {
                physicalDevice = device;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
        }
    }

    void createLogicalDevice()
    {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

        std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
        std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies = {indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value()};

        float queuePriority = 1.0f;
        for (uint32_t queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies)
        {
            VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo{};
            queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
            queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
            queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
            queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
            queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
        }

        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures{};

        VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo{};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

        createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
        createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();

        createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;

        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
        createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();

        if (enableValidationLayers)
        {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
        }
        else
        {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
        }

        if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
        }

        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &graphicsQueue);
        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &presentQueue);
    }

    void createSwapChain()
    {
        SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(physicalDevice);

        VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);
        VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);
        VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);

        uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
        if (swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount)
        {
            imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
        }

        VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo{};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
        createInfo.surface = surface;

        createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
        createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
        createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
        createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
        createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
        createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;

        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
        uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = {indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value()};

        if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily)
        {
            createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
            createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
            createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
        }
        else
        {
            createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        }

        createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
        createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
        createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
        createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;

        createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

        if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");
        }

        vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
        swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
        vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data());

        swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
        swapChainExtent = extent;
    }

    void createImageViews()
    {
        swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());

        for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++)
        {
            VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo{};
            createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
            createInfo.image = swapChainImages[i];
            createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
            createInfo.format = swapChainImageFormat;
            createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
            createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
            createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
            createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
            createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
            createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
            createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
            createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
            createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

            if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChainImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
            {
                throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image views!");
            }
        }
    }

    void idAttachmentImageViewCreate()
    {
        // 新增代码：创建用于存储三角形ID的附件对应的图像视图
        VkImageViewCreateInfo idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo{};
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.image = idAttachmentImage;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT; // 使用在createRenderPass中配置的ID附件的格式
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT; // 假设ID存储在颜色相关通道，根据实际情况调整
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
        idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
        if (vkCreateImageView(device, &idAttachmentImageViewCreateInfo, nullptr, &idAttachmentImageView) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create ID attachment image view!");
        }
    }

    void idAttachmentImageCreate()
    {
        // 创建用于存储三角形ID的图像资源
        VkImageCreateInfo idAttachmentImageCreateInfo{};
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT; // 使用在createRenderPass中配置的ID附件的格式
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.mipLevels = 1;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr;
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        VkExtent3D extent3D;
        extent3D.width = swapChainExtent.width;
        extent3D.height = swapChainExtent.height;
        extent3D.depth = 1; // 对于二维图像，深度通常设为1
        idAttachmentImageCreateInfo.extent = extent3D;

        if (vkCreateImage(device, &idAttachmentImageCreateInfo, nullptr, &idAttachmentImage) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create ID attachment image!");
        }

        // 为新创建的图像进行内存分配和绑定
        VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
        vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, idAttachmentImage, &memRequirements);
        VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
        allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
        allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(physicalDevice, memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT); // 假设已有合适的查找内存类型函数findMemoryType
        if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &idAttachmentImageMemory) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("allocate fail");
        };
        if (vkBindImageMemory(device, idAttachmentImage, idAttachmentImageMemory, 0) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("bind fail");
        };
    }

    uint32_t findMemoryType(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device,
                            uint32_t type_filter,
                            VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties_flag)
    {
        VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties physical_device_memory_properties;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physical_device, &physical_device_memory_properties);
        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < physical_device_memory_properties.memoryTypeCount; i++)
        {
            if (type_filter & (1 << i) &&
                (physical_device_memory_properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties_flag) == properties_flag)
            {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    void createRenderPass()
    {

        // 颜色附件描述
        VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment{};
        colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat;
        colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
        colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
        colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
        colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
        colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

        // id附件描述
        VkAttachmentDescription idAttachment{};
        idAttachment.format = VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT; // 存储id的格式
        idAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
        idAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
        idAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
        idAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
        idAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
        idAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
        idAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL; // 合适的最终布局以便后续读取出id数据

        // 颜色附件引用
        VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef{};
        colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
        colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
        // id附件引用
        VkAttachmentReference idAttachmentRef{};
        idAttachmentRef.attachment = 1;
        idAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

        // 附件引用数组
        VkAttachmentReference attachments[2] = {};
        attachments[0].attachment = 0;
        attachments[0].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL; // 设置第一个附件的布局
        attachments[1].attachment = 1;
        attachments[1].layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL; // 设置第二个附件的布局

        VkSubpassDescription subpass{};
        subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
        subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 2; // 两个颜色附件
        subpass.pColorAttachments = attachments;

        VkSubpassDependency dependency{};
        dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
        dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
        dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
        dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
        dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
        dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;

        VkAttachmentDescription attachmentsDesc[2] = {colorAttachment, idAttachment};

        VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo{};
        renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
        renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = 2; // 两个颜色附件
        renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachmentsDesc;
        renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
        renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
        renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
        renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;

        if (vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!");
        }
    }

    void createGraphicsPipeline()
    {
        auto vertShaderCode = readFile("D:\\ITsoftware\\workspace\\c++\\mini-engine\\shaders\\shader_base.vert.spv");
        auto fragShaderCode = readFile("D:\\ITsoftware\\workspace\\c++\\mini-engine\\shaders\\shader_base.frag.spv");

        VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);
        VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);

        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo{};
        vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
        vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;
        vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo{};
        fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
        fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
        fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
        fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

        VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo};

        VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo{};
        vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 0;
        vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = 0;

        VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly{};
        inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
        inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;

        VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState{};
        viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
        viewportState.scissorCount = 1;

        VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer{};
        rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
        rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
        rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
        rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
        rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
        rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE;
        rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;

        VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling{};
        multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
        multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;

        VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachments[2] = {};
        colorBlendAttachments[0].colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
        colorBlendAttachments[0].blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
        // 配置新的ID附件的混合状态（示例，通常ID附件可能不需要混合，这里简单设置和原颜色附件类似）
        colorBlendAttachments[1].colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
        colorBlendAttachments[1].blendEnable = VK_FALSE;

        VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending{};
        colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
        colorBlending.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY;
        colorBlending.attachmentCount = 2; // 两个附件
        colorBlending.pAttachments = colorBlendAttachments;
        colorBlending.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
        colorBlending.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
        colorBlending.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
        colorBlending.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;

        std::vector<VkDynamicState> dynamicStates = {
            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
            VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR};
        VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamicState{};
        dynamicState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
        dynamicState.dynamicStateCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(dynamicStates.size());
        dynamicState.pDynamicStates = dynamicStates.data();

        VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
        pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
        pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 0;
        pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 0;

        if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout!");
        }

        VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{};
        pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
        pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
        pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
        pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
        pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
        pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
        pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
        pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
        pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
        pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = &dynamicState;
        pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
        pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
        pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
        pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

        if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics pipeline!");
        }

        vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
        vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
    }

    void createFramebuffers()
    {
        swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());

        for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++)
        {
            VkImageView attachments[] = {
                swapChainImageViews[i],
                idAttachmentImageView};

            VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo{};
            framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
            framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
            framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
            framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
            framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtent.width;
            framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtent.height;
            framebufferInfo.layers = 1;

            if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
            {
                throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
            }
        }
    }

    void createCommandPool()
    {
        QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilyIndices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

        VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
        poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
        poolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
        poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndices.graphicsFamily.value();

        if (vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create command pool!");
        }
    }

    void createCommandBuffer()
    {
        VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
        allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
        allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
        allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
        allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;

        if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers!");
        }
    }

    void recordCommandBuffer(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer, uint32_t imageIndex)
    {
        VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
        beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;

        if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin recording command buffer!");
        }

        VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo{};
        renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
        renderPassInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
        renderPassInfo.framebuffer = swapChainFramebuffers[imageIndex];
        renderPassInfo.renderArea.offset = {0, 0};
        renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = swapChainExtent;

        // 在开始渲染通道时，颜色附件会被清除为黑色，ID附件会被清除为合适的值
        VkClearValue clearColor = {{{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}}};
        VkClearValue clearIDValue = {0}; // 假设ID用整数表示，初始化为0
        VkClearValue clearValues[2] = {clearColor, clearIDValue};
        renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = 2;
        renderPassInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;

        vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffer, &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

        vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline);

        VkViewport viewport{};
        viewport.x = 0.0f;
        viewport.y = 0.0f;
        viewport.width = (float)swapChainExtent.width;
        viewport.height = (float)swapChainExtent.height;
        viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
        viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
        vkCmdSetViewport(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &viewport);

        VkRect2D scissor{};
        scissor.offset = {0, 0};
        scissor.extent = swapChainExtent;
        vkCmdSetScissor(commandBuffer, 0, 1, &scissor);

        vkCmdDraw(commandBuffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);

        vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffer);

        if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!");
        }
    }

    void createSyncObjects()
    {
        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{};
        semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;

        VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo{};
        fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
        fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;

        if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphore) != VK_SUCCESS ||
            vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphore) != VK_SUCCESS ||
            vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFence) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects for a frame!");
        }
    }

    void drawFrame()
    {
        vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &inFlightFence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
        vkResetFences(device, 1, &inFlightFence);

        uint32_t imageIndex;
        vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, imageAvailableSemaphore, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);

        vkResetCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, /*VkCommandBufferResetFlagBits*/ 0);
        recordCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, imageIndex);

        VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
        submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;

        VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = {imageAvailableSemaphore};
        VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT};
        submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
        submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
        submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;

        submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
        submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;

        VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = {renderFinishedSemaphore};
        submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
        submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

        if (vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlightFence) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit draw command buffer!");
        }

        VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo{};
        presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;

        presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
        presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

        VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = {swapChain};
        presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
        presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;

        presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;

        vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo);
    }

    VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char> &code)
    {
        VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo{};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
        createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(code.data());

        VkShaderModule shaderModule;
        if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS)
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
        }

        return shaderModule;
    }

    VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> &availableFormats)
    {
        for (const auto &availableFormat : availableFormats)
        {
            if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)
            {
                return availableFormat;
            }
        }

        return availableFormats[0];
    }

    VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> &availablePresentModes)
    {
        for (const auto &availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes)
        {
            if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR)
            {
                return availablePresentMode;
            }
        }

        return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
    }

    VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR &capabilities)
    {
        if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max())
        {
            return capabilities.currentExtent;
        }
        else
        {
            int width, height;
            glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);

            VkExtent2D actualExtent = {
                static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
                static_cast<uint32_t>(height)};

            actualExtent.width = std::clamp(actualExtent.width, capabilities.minImageExtent.width, capabilities.maxImageExtent.width);
            actualExtent.height = std::clamp(actualExtent.height, capabilities.minImageExtent.height, capabilities.maxImageExtent.height);

            return actualExtent;
        }
    }

    SwapChainSupportDetails querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device)
    {
        SwapChainSupportDetails details;

        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);

        uint32_t formatCount;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);

        if (formatCount != 0)
        {
            details.formats.resize(formatCount);
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
        }

        uint32_t presentModeCount;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);

        if (presentModeCount != 0)
        {
            details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
        }

        return details;
    }

    bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device)
    {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

        bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);

        bool swapChainAdequate = false;
        if (extensionsSupported)
        {
            SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);
            swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();
        }

        return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate;
    }

    bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device)
    {
        uint32_t extensionCount;
        vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);

        std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
        vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());

        std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());

        for (const auto &extension : availableExtensions)
        {
            requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
        }

        return requiredExtensions.empty();
    }

    QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device)
    {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices;

        uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

        std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

        int i = 0;
        for (const auto &queueFamily : queueFamilies)
        {
            if (queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
            {
                indices.graphicsFamily = i;
            }

            VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);

            if (presentSupport)
            {
                indices.presentFamily = i;
            }

            if (indices.isComplete())
            {
                break;
            }

            i++;
        }

        return indices;
    }

    std::vector<const char *> getRequiredExtensions()
    {
        uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
        const char **glfwExtensions;
        glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

        std::vector<const char *> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);

        if (enableValidationLayers)
        {
            extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
        }

        return extensions;
    }

    bool checkValidationLayerSupport()
    {
        uint32_t layerCount;
        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);

        std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());

        for (const char *layerName : validationLayers)
        {
            bool layerFound = false;

            for (const auto &layerProperties : availableLayers)
            {
                if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0)
                {
                    layerFound = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (!layerFound)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    static std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string &filename)
    {
        std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);

        if (!file.is_open())
        {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");
        }

        size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
        std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);

        file.seekg(0);
        file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);

        file.close();

        return buffer;
    }

    static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *pCallbackData, void *pUserData)
    {
        std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;

        return VK_FALSE;
    }

    static void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow *window, int button, int action, int mods)
    {
        if (action == GLFW_PRESS)
        {
            std::cout << "点击";
            double xpos, ypos;
            glfwGetCursorPos(window, &xpos, &ypos);
            uint32_t *data = getId(physicalDevice, device, idAttachmentImage, swapChainExtent, commandPool, graphicsQueue);

            int width = swapChainExtent.width;
            int height = swapChainExtent.height;

            // 计算当前像素的索引（注意：这里假设图像是连续的，没有行填充）
            size_t pixelIndex = static_cast<size_t>(ypos) * width + static_cast<size_t>(xpos);
            uint32_t pixelData = data[pixelIndex];
            // 提取RGBA分量（假设每个分量是8位）
            uint8_t r = (pixelData >> 24) & 0xFF;
            uint8_t g = (pixelData >> 16) & 0xFF;
            uint8_t b = (pixelData >> 8) & 0xFF;
            uint8_t a = pixelData & 0xFF;
            std::cout << "Pixel (" << xpos << "," << ypos <<"): R=" << (int)r << ", G=" << (int)g << ", B=" << (int)b << ", A=" << (int)a << std::endl;
        }
    }
};

uint32_t *getId(VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice, VkDevice device, VkImage idAttachmentImage,
                VkExtent2D swapChainExtent, VkCommandPool commandPool, VkQueue graphicsQueue)
{
    // 获取图像的布局和大小等信息
    // VkImageSubresource subresource = {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 0};
    // VkSubresourceLayout layout; // 用于接收子资源布局信息，类型正确匹配
    VkOffset3D offset = {0, 0, 0};
    VkExtent3D extent;
    extent.width = swapChainExtent.width; // 假设swapChainExtent是已经正确获取到的图像尺寸相关变量
    extent.height = swapChainExtent.height;
    extent.depth = 1; // 对于二维图像，深度通常设为1
    // vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(device, idAttachmentImage, &subresource, &layout);

    // 创建一个临时的缓冲区用于中转数据
    VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
    VkDeviceMemory stagingMemory;

    // 计算需要复制的数据大小
    VkDeviceSize size = extent.width * extent.height * sizeof(uint32_t); // 每个像素 4 个字节

    // 分配内存并创建临时缓冲区
    VkBufferCreateInfo bufferCreateInfo = {};
    bufferCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
    bufferCreateInfo.size = size;
    bufferCreateInfo.usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;

    if (vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferCreateInfo, nullptr, &stagingBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        std::cerr << "message error: " << "设备内存分配或创建临时缓冲区失败" << std::endl;
    }

    VkMemoryRequirements vk_memory_requirements{};
    vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, stagingBuffer, &vk_memory_requirements);
    uint32_t memory_type_index = UINT32_MAX; // 初始化为无效值
    VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties physical_device_memory_properties;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &physical_device_memory_properties);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < physical_device_memory_properties.memoryTypeCount; i++)
    {
        if ((vk_memory_requirements.memoryTypeBits & (1 << i)) &&
            (physical_device_memory_properties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT))
        {
            memory_type_index = i;
            break; // 找到合适的类型后立即退出循环
        }
    }
    if (memory_type_index == UINT32_MAX)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to find suitable memory type for staging buffer!");
    }

    VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
    allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocInfo.allocationSize = size;
    allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = memory_type_index;
    if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &stagingMemory) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("vkAllocateMemory fail");
    }
    if (vkBindBufferMemory(device, stagingBuffer, stagingMemory, 0) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to bind memory to staging buffer for ID attachment data copy!");
    }

    // 执行复制命令
    VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
    VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocCmdInfo = {};
    allocCmdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
    allocCmdInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
    allocCmdInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
    allocCmdInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocCmdInfo, &commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        std::cerr << "message error: " << "分配命令缓冲区失败" << std::endl;
    }
    VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
    beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;

    if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        std::cerr << "message error: " << "开始录制命令缓冲区失败" << std::endl;
    }

    VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {};
    barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
    barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
    barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
    barrier.image = idAttachmentImage;
    barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
    barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
    barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
                         VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
                         0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &barrier);
    VkBufferImageCopy copyRegion{};
    copyRegion.bufferOffset = 0;
    copyRegion.bufferRowLength = 0;
    copyRegion.bufferImageHeight = 0;
    copyRegion.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
    copyRegion.imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
    copyRegion.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
    copyRegion.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
    copyRegion.imageOffset = offset;
    copyRegion.imageExtent = extent;
    vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer(commandBuffer, idAttachmentImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, stagingBuffer, 1, &copyRegion);

    barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
    barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
    vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
                         VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
                         0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 1, &barrier);

    if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        std::cerr << "message error: " << "结束录制命令缓冲区失败" << std::endl;
    }

    // 提交命令缓冲区并等待完成
    VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
    submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
    submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
    submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
    if (vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE) != VK_SUCCESS)
    {
        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to submit command buffer for ID attachment data copy!");
    }
    vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);

    // 映射临时缓冲区的内存到主机端可访问
    uint32_t *data;
    vkMapMemory(device, stagingMemory, 0, size, 0, (void **)&data);

    // int width = swapChainExtent.width;
    // int height = swapChainExtent.height;
    // // 遍历图像的前几行（例如，前10行）和前几列（例如，前10列）
    // for (int x = 0; x < width; x++)
    // {
    //     // 计算当前像素的索引（注意：这里假设图像是连续的，没有行填充）
    //     size_t pixelIndex = 200 * width + x;
    //     uint32_t pixelData = data[pixelIndex];

    //     // 提取RGBA分量（假设每个分量是8位）
    //     uint8_t r = (pixelData >> 24) & 0xFF;
    //     uint8_t g = (pixelData >> 16) & 0xFF;
    //     uint8_t b = (pixelData >> 8) & 0xFF;
    //     uint8_t a = pixelData & 0xFF;

    //     // 输出RGBA值
    //     std::cout << "Pixel (" << x << ", 200): R=" << (int)r << ", G=" << (int)g << ", B=" << (int)b << ", A=" << (int)a << std::endl;
    // }

    // 释放
    vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingMemory);
    // 清理
    vkFreeMemory(device, stagingMemory, nullptr);
    vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);

    return data;
}

VkPhysicalDevice HelloTriangleApplication::physicalDevice;
VkDevice HelloTriangleApplication::device;
VkQueue HelloTriangleApplication::graphicsQueue;
VkExtent2D HelloTriangleApplication::swapChainExtent;
VkCommandPool HelloTriangleApplication::commandPool;
VkImage HelloTriangleApplication::idAttachmentImage;

int main()
{
    system("chcp 65001");
    HelloTriangleApplication app;

    try
    {
        app.run();
    }
    catch (const std::exception &e)
    {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}